Fast and Quick Advertising Publishing Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2638 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Advertising Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Fast and Quick Advertising Publishing Company. An advertising and publishing company is the company that is dealing with preparing and producing of magazines, newspapers and other types of books for the purpose of earning money. They can sell their published products in many places such as libraries, bookstores, through online like Amazon and so on. Their target market if for everyone who is interested in reading. For a person who wants to set up advertising and publishing company, he needs to know all the physical and technological resources required in the operation of this type of smallbusiness. The first thing to consider about physical resources is a location. The company should be in Ghubra, Oman near to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“al Huda Real Estateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The location is good because it is in the center of the city where offices, schools, stationaries, book stores like Al Najda Book store are located. The location will be near to the main road so as t o get easy supplying of products and also attracting people who are passing that road and see the name of our company. Secondly, the building. The best thing to do is buying an average size building rather thanbuying a land,and start constructing the plan or renting the property. This will save a lot of time and once a person buys the building it will belong to him, also there will be no rent payment. The building will be approximately 400 square meters. It will consist of six main rooms. One CEO office, HR department, finance department, editorial department, marketing and sales department, IT and production department. There will also be four small toilets, two for ladies and two for gents. One big store, and small canteen. Outside the building there will be a security room and parking area for ten cars. Each department room will need office chairs, tables, and book shelves. In general, we need 20 chairs, 6 tables, 8 computer desks and ten book shelves, four of them will be in the store. We can order online all the furniture atà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Modish Home 2014à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in China or at à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“MEGAMAX World Furniture Outletà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  from Japan. They have latest furniture designs and the quality is very good, but the best option is to go with is MEGAMAX because of the delivering express. You can get all the ordered furniture from Japan to Oman within ten days compare with Modish. Advertising and publishing company needs a lot of stationary materials such as correct types of papers for printing, ink, glues, pens and pencils, files, barcode sheets and many more. We can get them from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Farooq Internationalstationaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in Dubai. They sell their stationaries in a wholesale and cheaper compare to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Omani Stationary LLCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in Wadi al Kabir. The company will also need to have T-shirts for their employees which have its logo at the front. We can get best quality t-shirts at à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… “T Shirt Omanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  We can order them online. Also there is another company called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Print Fictionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in Qatar that produce the same quality. It is better to order here in Oman because of saving the cost of transportation and we can get them within a week because we will order approximately 20 T-shirts. The company will also need cleaning materials such as brooms, mops, soaps etc. We can buy them from Care fore in Muscat grand Mall. There are many technological Resources that are required for the advertising and publishing company such as Air conditioners that are required to be in each room. We can order seven AC at TMTEC or Lamina Company both are located in Oman.Although TMTEC provides the best services they can fix the AC for you and if there is any problem with them, they will come any time. Never the less, they give one year warranteeIn addition, we will need 3 land telephones. We can get Panasonic long life land phone for good price at W Souq in Dubai. We can order them online and they will take only one day to be delivered in Oman. The advertising and Publishing Company require to have Wi-Fi for thewhole building so as to perform their work effectively. As here in Oman there are two main Wi-Fi Network which have faster connection. The Fist is from Oman Tel. and the other is Oredoo. Although Oman Tel is better due to the less payment and they provide good internet packages. Computer publishing software is required such as page maker, QuarkXPress, Bookmaking software and many more. (Wikipedia, 2014) The easy way to get them by buying and download online at à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dmozà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or at Adobe PageMaker. Both of them are good and can get a license of using them. We also need to have two binding machines from Office machine accessories shop, 10 desktops and 3 laptops either from Lenovo or Canon. They both have good Quality but Lenovo last longer than Canon. So it is better to go with Lenovo.2 big printers are also needed. Better printers from HP with good quality and can print directly from computers and USB drives and have scanner on the top. We can order them directly from HP websites because it will take two weeks to be delivered compare with or Roland website. In conclusion, before staring advertising and publishing company. It is important to note down all the physical and technological resources that will be needed in the company and compare the qualities and time of delivering. Management of Human, Physical and Technological Resources. Good management in advertising and publishing company can lead better performance of the business. Managing human resources means managing all the employees in an organization so as to bring the development of the company. HR department is responsible in recruiting and selecting qualified employees and sometimes it is better if they have good working experience. This is because most of the time qualified people can do their job s effectively without wasting of time by using their knowledge they have. In Easy Fast Advertising and Publishing Company they have editor who is in charge in editing of what to be published starting from manuscript, finding the title, using computer in checking grammar, spelling mistakes, coherence, choosing the cover design and inside pages. There is also IT and production person who is responsible in technological services in computer, internet, and printing of published books or magazines, binding, web designing and other technological works. Never the less, there are employees who are qualified in sales and marketing. They are dealing with adverting their published materials, attracts customers, compete with their competitors as well as building awareness to the public. They can market their products through brochures, business cards, as well as through website. Financers and accountant are also important people in the company. They should be very good in their job so as to kn ow the budget of the company. How much is needed for publishing and advertising and how much the company produces every month and annually. It is also important for them to calculate how many published books or magazines that are profitable for the company. In addition, they are responsible in giving out the salaries for all the employees. Not only HR is responsible in selecting employees with good qualification, but also is responsible to select employees with good communication and team work. Because advertising and publishing company all the works depend in all departments. Therefore there is liaison with all departments. Employees are needed to be managed well. This can be done through monitoring them the way they do their jobs, by making sure that the work is done as required. Also by looking at the punctuality and time management, and solving any employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s problem that might appear by coming up with a good solution. Furthermore, the management should provide employees with good working conditions including good environment, working hours, holidays, sick leaves and presence of all necessary equipment and facilities that will be used during working. Employees should also be paid good salaries according to the law of the country or after the agreement between the employee and employer, and should be paid on time. Moreover, the management should motivate their employees by rewarding or promoting them when they do well in their work. Managing physical resources is also a very important thing in a company. This can be done through planning on what items a company needs and for what purpose. Then deciding the quality of the physical resources and price on how much it will cost and if the budget of the company is enough to buy. Planning when to order plus the process of getting them for example if it is three weeks or a month.Looking at the time of receiving resources and if there will be warrantee for how long it is going to take. In addition, good managing in maintaining the building by painting and use the facilities well. Employees should know how to use the resources properly and they should be responsible to any equipment that are using. The management have to make sure that their no wasting of any resources such as papers, ink and so on. Technological resources are also managed through various ways. First by having skilled and experienced employees who know how to use and deal with all technological resources such as computers, printers, fax and so on. Second, maintaining and servicing them after certain period so as to clean and allow them to function affectively such resources are air conditioners, printers and Computers by refreshing them and remove all the viruses. Thirdly, using of the office phones and Wi-Fi for the purpose of the advertising and publishing company only not for personal using, because this will increase the bills and reduce the profit of the company. Last but not th e least, is having a software licenses. It allows the software to install in all computers and laptops and this will show that the company is legally using the software. Also copyright should be use to prove that all the published books belongs to the company legally. In conclusion, in an advertising and publishing company managing human, physical and technological resource is very important for the development of the company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Managing resources and controlling budget cost can improve the performance of businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  I agree with above statement. In any business managing resources and the budget of there is very important. Starting with management of Human Resources they should consider the way of recruiting and selecting employees to work in advertising and publishing company. The number of employees should be enough to complete the task. Recruiting many staffs can cost the company because every employee have to be paid the salary. Not only that, but recruiting less number of staffs, the work will not be able to finish in a required time, and the employees will be overloaded. Good management in recruitment can result to better performance in a business. The management must watch and monitor staffs on how they perform their duties. If not, they should be given a warning. Still if they are doing the same thing, they must be fired and replaced by other employees who can take their responsibility well and bring the benefit of the company. HR department must also provide training for employees and award or promote them when they do well. According to management of Penguin published Company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“people are empowered to do things,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  said Paige McInerney, vice president of human resources at Penguin Group USA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the best place in the world to work. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve been here 20 years and thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a reason for that.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Jeremy Greenfield, 7 February, 2012).This explains how Human Resources department in Penguin is treating their employees well and this bring the development of the company. A company needs to know how they manage their physical and technological resources. This can be done by maintaining well and servicing the resources at the required time. Presence of efficient resources helps in time consuming and the job can be done well. If the management is ignoring in maintaining and wait for the resources to get old and not functioning anymore, it will cost the company more than servicing. This will reduce the production of publishing books. Copyright of the company published book is also very useful. The company must manage this this things so that they will have right to own their published books and no one can copy from them. It is also very important for the company to manage the budget well. First by planning how many employees they need to recruit and how much is their salaries. For the physical and technological resources they need to look at the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s budget if it has got enough money to order and buy enough resources. Apart from that, they need to know how much profit they produce every day and if they have a loan, they need to plan how they will be able to pay it on time. Never the less, a company needs to pay their normal bills for example electricity, water, telephone, internet, government tax and so on so that they wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t affect the business.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Houghton Mifflin field for bankruptcy earlier this week. If successful, it will wipe out $3 billion in debt. But that means someone will lose a lot of money. Perhaps it is an unpaid vendor, such as a printer or shipper, that is absorbing big losses. Maybe the employees are taking it on the chinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Book Marketing Bog, May 24, 2012). This shows if there is no good management the company, it can easily go bankrupt. The management of the company must able to save th eir budgets in a proper way so as to be used as a memory in future. Account and finance department needs save all the receipt in files and in computer system. This will help them to know how many resources they have been ordered or how much they spent etcetera. Example if the employee claims that he/she was not paid the system will show everything. Budgeting is also important because its helps the company to know how much profit they get monthly and annually so that they can expand their business by increasing the building and providing more services, or by open new branches. In my opinion, if there is no good management of resources and budgeting in Advertising and publishing company can cause a big risk of the company, many problems of employees might occur and wasting of resources that will cost a lot of money from the company. In conclusion, good management is really important in any business success. REFRENCES Book Marketing Blog (05/24/2012). Major Publisher Goes Bank rupt. Retrieved 11/28/2014 from https://bookmarketingbuzzblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/major-publisher-goes-bankrupt-shocking.html Greenfield Jeremy (02/ 07/2012).Penguin Publishing Company. Retrieved 11/28/2014 from https://www.digitalbookworld.com/2012/best-publishing-companies-to-work-for/ HP printers (2014). Ordering latest printers from HP. Retrieved 30/11/2014 from https://www8.hp.com/us/en/commercial-printers/graphic-arts.html?zn=gapcp=20000-13698-16021_4041_100 Laminar Group. (2014) Ordering Air conditions. Retrieved 27/11/2014 from https://www.leminargroup.com/ Lenovo Computers. (2014). Ordering Lenovo desktop and laptops. Retrieved 30/11/2014 from https://www.lenovo.com/ae/en/ MEGAMAX World Furniture (2014). Ordering furniture from Japan. Retrieved 26/11/201 from https://www.megamax.jp/eng/ . Modish Home Furniture (2014). Ordering Furniture in China. Retrieved 26/11/2014 fro https://www.modishhome.com/home-office-furniture-book-shelf-computer-desk-c-102_106.h tml Office Work Machines (2014.) Ordering Binding Machines. Retrieved 30/11/2014 from https://www.officeworks.com.au/shop/officeworks/office-supplies/presentation/binding-machines-accessories Oman Tel (2014). Wi-Fi Connection. Retrieved 28/11/2014 fromhttps://www.omantel.om/OmanWebLib/Individual/Mobile/modem_devices.aspx?LinkID=3MenuId=507 Oredoo (2014) Wi-Fi Connection. Retrieved 28/11/2014 from https://www.ooredoo.com/en/news/media/news/nawras-free-wi-fi-celebrates-double-win-at-2013-global-cristal-awards-2.htmlT Shirt Oman Company (2014). Printing T-shirt. Retrieved 11/26/2014 from https://printfiction.me/index.php/services/gifting-solutions/t-shirt-printing-caps. TMTEC (2012) Ordering Air conditions. Retrieved 27/11/2014 from https://www.tmtecoman.com/ Wikipedia (2014). Desktop publishing software. Retrieved 30/11/2014 from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Desktop:_publishing_software W Souq (2014). Ordering Panasonic land phone in Dubai. Retrieved 28/1 1/2014 from https://uae.souq.com/ae-en/telephone/l/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fast and Quick Advertising Publishing Company" essay for you Create order

The Canterbury Tales An Analysis Of Medieval Life By...

Canterbury Tales: An Analysis of Medieval Life by Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales is strongly considered one of the greatest works in medieval literature. An admirer of Chaucer, and the author of Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century, H.S. Bennett describes Chaucer’s unique style as, â€Å"No detail was too small for him to observe, and from it he could frequently draw, or suggest, conclusions which would have escaped many.† While The Canterbury Tales was originally intended to be an epic poem consisting of over 120 short stories, Chaucer’s death came much sooner and he was only able to finish 24. Even with a small fraction of his original goal completed, Chaucer’s unique sense of language and ability to identify and establish common stereotypes was second to none. The three characters I choose, The Knight, The Pardoner and The Parson all exemplify Bennett’s quote and demonstrate Chaucer’s incredible ability to express every detail, whil e adding humor and irony. Chaucer uses The Knight to represent the highest social class during the medieval era, the aristocrats and nobility. The Knight also highlights the ideals that every noble man strived to follow, along with being a Christian such as possessing prowess, fidelity, reputation, generosity and refinement. He also possesses a humble and kind personality, which allows him to become well admired by The Host and the narrator. Throughout the Prologue and in between stories The Knight always seems to possess aShow MoreRelatedThe Caterbury Tales, Carmina Burana and The Book of Taliesin722 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom the collapse of the Roman empire in the fifth century to the period of the Renaissance in the fifteenth century. The medieval life may, at first, appear to be bleak, harsh, and dreary. But in actuality, it was a time of Kings, immense battles, disease and religious influence. 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Ecologically and Climatically Appropriate Building Design

Questions: 1. What is the impact of solar characteristics on the design of the buildings in the city Menindee?2.How atmospheric conditions such as mist and rain affect the building design of Menindee? Answers: 1. Menindee is a small city in South Wales Australia with a desert type climatic condition. The temperatures in summer rise above 40 degree at times however, average temperature ranges between 32-36 degrees. The structures of the buildings can be prone to climatic changes that might increase the risk of collapsing. Currently the buildings has to be constructed keeping in mind to reduce global warming and carbon footprint. In order to withstand the heat in Menindee, the buildings are using latest technologies of cooling their house and internal environment. As mentioned by Soares et al., (2013, p.82), excessive heat can severely affect the construction of buildings as the material used can unable to withstand the extreme the heat. Therefore, with due time the material might degrade resulting in collapsing of the building eventually. Menindee is a small town in New South Wales, Australia on the bank of river Darling with a few populations. The climate of Menindee is very dry and typically desert type. The solar characteristics such as solar path and intensity are very high thereby, resulting in higher dry and temperature. Menindee has an average rainfall of only 245.8 mm that is considered to be significantly low annually. As the rainfall is very low, the temperature of the region is always higher. At certain instances, Menindee has received considerably higher amount of rainfall. The summer prevails in Menindee from January to May and from October to December. During these months, the temperatures generally range between 41-49 degree Celsius. Therefore, the houses built in these areas needs to provide an overall cooling effect for the residents. In order to save economy and environment, traditional methods of building houses can be opted by the people of Menindee. Dallol in Ethiopia has an extreme desert type of climate. Reports suggest Dallol has the highest temperature for an inhibited location on Earth (All That Is Interesting, 2017). The temperature throughout the year in this place ranges between 36-49 degree Celsius that is considerably high. Moreover, the climate in this place is very dry and arid and the average rainfall received in this area is very less. Such a dry and hot climate in this area is supposedly due to the Red Sea and the proximity with the equator. This place also lacks the effect of nigh time cooling thereby, making the climate very hot. In order to cope up with such dry and hot climate, traditional methods of construction are used in order to save economy and environment. Dallol in Ethiopia uses earth clay as their construction material. On the contrary, only clay is not considered strong enough to withstand adverse climates. Therefore, cob is used as an alternative construction material to ensure safety and cooling of the house. Therefore, traditional methods of construction having similar weather conditions as Menindee can act as an initiative in reducing the carbon footprint. As mentioned by Madurwar et al., (2013, p.872), traditionally earth clay was used for as material for construction of buildings as it was easily accessible and increased the ability of the houses to withstand heat. However, as argued by Hejazi et al., (2012, p.100), constructing only with natural earth minimizes the strength of the building. In order to make the construction materials stronger, cob was suggested as an alternative construction material. As mentioned by Keefe (2012, p.56), cob is a mixture of straw, sand and clay soil. Constructing the buildings with cob and natural earth will make the internal environment of the house much cooler. This natural way of cooling the houses in Menindee can be considered as an initiative towards reducing the carbon footprint. The presence of buildings constructed by cob materials dates back centuries ago (Slocombe, 2012). Another significant way of withstanding the extreme heat is the use of straw bale. As asserted by Bhatttarai et al., (2012, p.422), straw bales are type of timbers that acts as natural insulators with high performance. This traditional method of construction was used as the building material in Africa. The use of straw bales acts as natural insulators thereby, preventing the entry of heat within the house. The solar radiation directly falls on the roofs of the house thereby, making the roofs more vulnerable to heat of the sun. As commented by Arnaud and Gourlay (2012, p.50), hempcrete is a mixture of water, hemp and lime can be used as a construction material and beneficial for cooling the house. This acts as insulating materials for the roofs thereby, preventing the entry of solar heat and radiation. In order to provide cooling effect on an entire locality, large wind towers can be installed in the grounds that will eventually transform the warm air into cold air thereby, providing a cooling effect on the entire locality. Use of traditional method of construction provides added advantages to both economy and the environment. Natural resources are easily available resources that are also cost effective. Moreover, when required the natural resources used for construction can be modified without much hassle. In case of electronic and technological forms of keeping the house, cool by installing cooling machineries, such machines can break down any time giving them uncertainty. Moreover, having natural forms of cooling also saves the electricity bill of the household. 2. Menindee is a city in Australia whose climatic condition resembles the climatic condition of desert. As per the weather reports of Menindee, the city receives an average of 242 mm of rainfall annually that is considered significantly low. Therefore, receiving such low amount of rainfall signifies desert type climatic conditions in Menindee (Finlayson et al., 2013, p.73). Receiving less rainfall highlights the severely high temperatures in Menindee thereby, the construction of buildings have to be conducted in such a way that it promotes cool environment within the buildings. As asserted by Shillington (2012, p.23), previously, the Africans used to narrow down the streets in order to accelerate the flow of air. Therefore, while undertaking the construction, the pathways are cut at specific angles to save the people from the heat of the summer. In modern construction, the walls of the buildings generally constructed with single layer of brick thereby, making the penetration of heat easy. Therefore, constructing the houses thick-layered walls can compensate the heat due to less rain received by Menindee. The city can harvest the rainwater received during the rainy season for future use. This will decrease the water scarcity within the city thereby, providing an opportunity to use the stored water for other purposes. The rainwater harvesting system can be constructed within the houses, as this requires less space. Moreover, flowing of water throughout the house to reach the harvesting chamber keeps the overall house much cooler. Harvesting of rainwater is extensively beneficial for areas that receive less rainfall throughout the year. This provides them an opportunity of storing water and using it in future use. While constructing the houses in areas with less rainfall, the walls can contain water bags that will enable a cooling effect on the entire house. Use of water bags is a traditional way of constructing buildings used before 1900s. Therefore, incorporation of water bags within the walls of the houses is beneficial due to the extreme weather conditions. This will act as insulators and prevent the heat from outside to enter the house. While constructing the houses, provision for planting trees can also be beneficial. As mentioned by Chan (2012, p.516), having trees planted in the surrounding of the house will provide an overall cooling effect in the house. These natural ways for cooling is a huge initiative towards promoting a healthy and pollution free environment. This provides an opportunity of using the naturally available resources thereby, minimizing the use of technology that increases the carbon footprint. According to Pacheco-Torgal and Jalali (2012, p.512), rammed earth comprises of clay, sand and gravel along with a stabilizer and put into moulds to undertake the specific shape. Traditionally additives were also added in order to stabilize the moulds. The walls of the houses can also have water bags that will provide cooling impact on the entire house. Therefore, different forms of natural earth such as cob, rammed earth for construction. Furthermore, water can also be added in the cob mixture and be mo lded into structures of bricks for construction. This strengthens the structure of the building while construction. Use of the natural resources for construction of buildings is a huge initiative for reducing the impacts of global warming and carbon footprint. The climatic condition of Menindee is dry and desert thereby, resulting in less rainfall. In order to cope up with the impact of less rainfall, the houses in Menindee are built using traditional methods in order to save the environment. As Menindee receives very less annual rainfall, amount of precipitation is also comparatively less. Therefore, the atmospheric condition of Menindee is dry and dusty. Straw bales can also be used on the roof top in order to provide an overall cooling effect as they act as natural insulators. This will provide an overall cooling effect on the entire house. Dallol in Ethiopia has similar climatic conditions as Menindee, that is, dry and desert type. One of the traditional methods of construction in Dallol is by using hempcrete, a composition of hemp hurds and lime. This acts as natural insulators for the houses of Dallol thereby, acting as an initiative towards reducing the carbon footprint and saving the environment. References All That Is Interesting. (2017). Welcome To Dallol, Ethiopia: The Hottest Place On Earth. [online] Available at: https://all-that-is-interesting.com/hottest-place-on-earth [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Arnaud, L. and Gourlay, E., 2012. Experimental study of parameters influencing mechanical properties of hemp concretes. Construction and building materials, 28(1), pp.50-56. Bhattarai, P., Dhakal, D.R., Neupane, K. and Chamberlin, K.S., 2012. Straw bale in construction of building and its future in India. Internal Journal of Modern Engi ? neering Research, 2(2), pp.422-426. Chan, A.L.S., 2012. Effect of adjacent shading on the thermal performance of residential buildings in a subtropical region. Applied energy, 92, pp.516-522. Finlayson, C.M., Davis, J.A., Gell, P.A., Kingsford, R.T. and Parton, K.A., 2013. The status of wetlands and the predicted effects of global climate change: the situation in Australia. Aquatic Sciences, 75(1), pp.73-93. Hejazi, S.M., Sheikhzadeh, M., Abtahi, S.M. and Zadhoush, A., 2012. A simple review of soil reinforcement by using natural and synthetic fibers. Construction and building materials, 30, pp.100-116. Keefe, L., 2012. Earth building: methods and materials, repair and conservation. Routledge. Madurwar, M.V., Ralegaonkar, R.V. and Mandavgane, S.A., 2013. Application of agro-waste for sustainable construction materials: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 38, pp.872-878. Pacheco-Torgal, F. and Jalali, S., 2012. Earth construction: Lessons from the past for future eco-efficient construction. Construction and building materials, 29, pp.512-519. Shillington, K., 2012. History of Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. Slocombe, M., 2012. Traditional Building Materials. Bloomsbury Publishing. Soares, N., Costa, J.J., Gaspar, A.R. and Santos, P., 2013. Review of passive PCM latent heat thermal energy storage systems towards buildings energy efficiency. Energy and buildings, 59, pp.82-103.

The Novel Native Son Was Published By Richard Wright Essays

The novel Native Son was published by Richard Wright in 1940. The book represents the tragedy of Bigger Thomas, a black boy raised in the Chicago slums during the great depression. Wright uses symbolism extensively in the novel. There is even symbolic meaning behind the titles of each of the three parts of the novel. It is symbolism that allows Wright to explain the entire novel in the first few pages. Even though symbols are widely used in the novel, there are only three that are very important. The three most important symbols are the black rat, blindness, and the kitchenette. One of the major symbols in Native Son is the black rat in the first chapter of the novel. The rat symbolizes the fate, feelings, and actions of the main character. The parallels between the rat and Bigger Thomas are unmistakable. The black rat is seen as an invader and is killed. The same eventually happens to Bigger later in the novel (Lee 50). Robert Lee argues that the black rat is symbolic of several things. According to Lee, one symbolic function of the black rat is that it sets up a motif that resonates throughout the novel. The rat points forward to the figure Bigger himself will become, the part-real, part-fantasy denizen of a grotesque counter Darwinian world in which human life-his own, Mary's, Bessie's-seems to evolve backward into rodent predation and death. Whether in pursuit or the pursued, Bigger becomes damned either way, just as he victimizes others while doubling as both his own and society's victim. These inner meanings of the novel also lie behind Wright's three-part partition of fear, flight, and fate (Lee 51). Secondly, the rat is symbolic of the terrified helplessness of the Thomas family and Bigger's response to it: "The rat's belly pulsed with fear. Bigger advanced a step and the rat emitted a long thin song of defiance." Bigger crushes the rat utterly and, in triumphant bravado, flaunts the bloody corpse in his sister's face, enjoying her terror. Lee recognizes the significance of this episode of fear, rage, and violent action. He states that the entire novel is an extension, with the roles inverted of this chilling metaphor (Lee 58). Finally, the killing of the rat is symbolic of Bigger's attempt to assert himself as someone important. Lee argues that Bigger actually hated his family. He hated them because he knew that they were suffering and that he was powerless to help or protect them. The killing of the rat represents, perhaps, Bigger's one chance to protect his mother and younger siblings as the patriarch of the Thomas family (Lee 68). Edward Margolies views blindness, which affects everyone throughout the novel, as the most important symbol. He believes that Wright uses blindness to illustrate the relationship between the races. His symbolic use of blindness illustrates how blind whites are to the humanity and existence of black people. Whites prefer to think of blacks in easily stereotypical images-in images of brute beast, or happy minstrel. They are incapable of viewing blacks as having sensitivity and intelligence. Even well meaning people like the Daltons are blind to the suffering of blacks. The Daltons lavish millions of dollars on black colleges and welfare organizations-while at the same time they continue to support a rigid caste system that is responsible for black degradation in the first place (Margolies 45). To support his belief, Margolies illustrates how this symbolic blindness affects all of the characters. Bigger is blind to the realities of black life as well as to the humanity of whites. Bigger vaguely discerns the white enemy as white tides, icy white walls, and looming white mountains. He is therefore unable to accept Jan's offer of friendship, because he blindly regards all whites as symbols of oppression. Mary, Jan, and Max are just as blind to the humanity of blacks as the others-even though they presumably want to enlist blacks as equals in their cause. For Mary and Jan, Bigger is an abstraction- a symbol of exploitation rather than someone whose feelings they have ever tried to understand. Mrs. Dalton's blindness is symbolic of the blindness of the white liberal philanthropic community (Margolies 50). Margolies believes that in all cases but Mrs. Daltons, blindness is psychosomatic. Like others, however, Mrs. Dalton has a spiritual handicap as well as a physical one. She and her husband, as Max points out, cannot see the malevolent condition, which they serve and perpetuate. Similarly, Mary and Jan cannot see the emptiness of their charity. At different points in the novel Bessie is blinded by tears and fright, while Bigger is blinded by snow, light and rage. In the presence of Jan and Max he feels transparent and invisible.